- Water insecurity occurs due to a lack of access to safe, clean and efficient supplies of water
- Increasing mis-match between supply and demand
- Demand is greater than supply = deficit.
- Currently Cape Town in South Africa is going through this
- Main factors which lead to water insecurity: Climate, population and development.
- Factors which increase water insecurity: more water needed, over-consumption, less stores, more droughts, development and pollution.
- Development: Having more reservoirs and dams
- Over-Consumption: Fountains in California – what is the need for this?
- Pollution: The Yellow River in China, erosion at the Three Gorges Dam. This is the biggest problem.
- You need to be sustainable in order to have no water insecurity like Sweden.
Analysing The Graph:
Water Insecurity:
- Places like Australia and Indonesia have no insecurity because they have lots of rainfall
- Canada: Lots of freshwater and glaciers. A lower population density
- North Africa: Less rainfall
- UK: Population increase on a small island. Demand is increasing. Lots of irrigation from farmers.
- India: Seasonal rainfall but not continuous rainfall. High population leads to more demand
- Australia: Small population with deserts but they have lots of groundwater and it is not enough for the small population in a hot climate.
Evaluation: What Causes
Water Insecurity:
Physical Factors:
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Human Factors:
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Drought periods
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Increasing use of water
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Seasonal rainfall
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Over-abstraction
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Depliction of groundwater
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Pollution from industry
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Chemicals
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Development level
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Low precipitation –
biggest factor
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Rapid population growth –
biggest factor e.g Brazil which has not been governed well.
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Global Water Use By
Sector:
- Agricultural: Irrigation, farm-land is decreasing and farmers have better irrigation techniques
- Industrial: China + India with the use of factories
- Domestic: Increasing use of appliances e.g washing machines, more toilets