Main Reasons The North Has
Developed:
- Industrial revolution
- Close to large labour force
- Access to cotton imports from transport like canals & railways
- Physical reasons like damp climate good for cotton
- Contrast to other places e.g. Dubai from oil and transport
- Scarborough tourism on coast & fishing
- Detroit car industry
- Shanghai SEZ
Recent
Regional Influences:
- ‘The North’ of England historically has been very much based on industry. Regionally the North has suffered more from deindustrialisation.
- Investment from council e.g. Access developments with new Interchange
- Local business and developments e.g. Market place
- Transition Fair Trade town
- College and university students e.g. more diversity, more young people, e.g. STEM centre
- Sports developments funded by NHS, Council and SportsEngland
Recent
National Influences:
- The UK as a whole is a ‘post-industrial economy’: i.e. now mainly a tertiary or service-based economy
- Government investment e.g. Bolton One (NHS)
- Government policy on immigration – more foreign nationals moving in from Africa and Asia
- New bus station (Council, private & government partnership approach)
- Education investments
- Fairtrade mark – national scheme
- TNCs and IGOs – Bolton part of ‘economic liberalisation’ of UK
International
& Global Reasons:
- Fairtrade scheme
- International students – far more foreign students around Bolton from around the world.
- Economic migrants
TNCs
& IGOs:
- Many towns are now more of a ‘clone town’ due to TNC players such as McDonalds, Globalisation of brands outcompetes local brands but causes cultural erosion of places
- Inter-governmental organisations like the IPCC have more of an impact to increase renewable energy to cut climate change.
Identity
Changes From Social & Economic Change:
- Some groups feel more tolerant, interact more, benefit from different diversity e.g. public sector, NHS workers, students
- Some groups might be more racist and even extreme, e.g. white national groups
- Rich and poor divide can be quite strong between different areas e.g. South vs North UK